
Should We Avoid Carbs?
Author: James C.Cameer
Very complex carbs (dietary fiber) also have a very complicated
molecular structure, and also are resistant to most digestive
enzymes produced by the human body. As a result, they cannot be
broken down into glucose or other nutrients at all. This is why
fiber transits the intestinal tract largely undigested. This
has a knock-on effect on the speed of digestion of other carbs
around them. For example, where certain starches are
"protected" by indigestible fibrous wrapping, the enzymes
cannot get to grips with the starch as fast as normal. Also,
the presence of soluble fiber in the stomach and intestine
typically creates a viscous mass of digesting-food in which
carbs and enzymes take longer to mix. Result? Carb digestion
slows down.
As we have seen, because the human body runs on glucose all
carbs are converted into glucose in the digestive tract. The
glucose then enters the bloodstream and thus contributes to a
rise in "blood-glucose".
Blood Glucose Must be Kept Within Limits
A very high level of glucose in the blood is toxic, while a
very low level is detrimental to bodily functions. Therefore
the body has a system to regulate the amount of glucose in the
bloodstream to ensure that it remains balanced within safe
parameters. This glucose balancing system depends upon two
mechanisms: hunger and insulin.
Low Blood Glucose Triggers Hunger
If blood-sugar levels drop, the brain causes us to feel hungry.
Result? We eat food that is then converted into glucose and our
blood glucose levels rise. If we don't eat and blood-glucose
levels fall too low, we trigger the condition known as
hypoglycemia.
If we eat a diet that contains too many high GI carbs (carbs
that are rapidly converted into blood glucose) we force our
body to respond by releasing equally large amounts of insulin
into our bloodstream to cope with the glucose. Over time this
excessively high level of insulin can cause the
"insulin-receptors" in our cells to become less sensitive to
insulin.
The hunger-or-insulin see-saw mechanism works well, provided
that we don't eat too many high glycemic index (GI) carbs that
are rapidly converted into glucose. When this happens, when a
LARGE amount of glucose enters the bloodstream (called a "sugar
spike"), the system responds by releasing a LARGE quantity of
insulin. (It thinks we've eaten a huge amount of food.) The
amount of insulin is so large that not only does it disperse
the food-glucose we have just eaten, it disperses a lot more.
Result? Our blood glucose falls too low. So, within a short
time (about 2-3 hours) the brain tells us to feel hungry and we
recommence eating. This rapid rise and fall in blood glucose,
caused by excess production of insulin, is not good for our
health or our eating habits.
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